The architecture
Villa di Maser was conceived around 1550 by the architect Andrea Palladio as a prestigious residence for the agricultural estate of the Barbaro brothers, Daniele and Marcantonio.
The painter Paolo Veronese and the sculptor Alessandro Vittoria were commissioned for the decoration.
Its fortunate hillside position, the elegance of its proportions, the harmony with the surrounding landscape, and the beauty of its decoration have made it one of the most celebrated works of the Venetian architect.
Palladio drew inspiration from the forms of ancient Roman temples for the design of the façade, giving a sense of religious grandeur and importance to the Barbaro family’s living quarters.
The central body of the villa projects forward from the plane of the arcades. On either side, the elegant porticoes—or barchesse (side loggias originally used for agricultural activities)—are connected to the main structure. At the far ends stand two dovecotes, each adorned with sundials that mark the passage of time.
Two splendid stone lions and six statues representing the gods of Olympus stand before the villa’s façade, offering a majestic welcome.
At the center of the elegantly decorated pediment is the Barbaro family crest, set within an allegory symbolizing peace and harmony—the very ideals that inspired the construction of the villa and are reflected in the themes of its frescoes.
The two barchesse are adorned with grotesque masks on the keystones and additional Olympian deities within niches.
Villa di Maser has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996, recognized in part for having preserved over the centuries its unified and balanced structure—comprising the residence, the production facilities, the gardens, and the surrounding agricultural landscape.
There are 24 Palladian villas in the Veneto region that have received UNESCO recognition, most of which are located in the province of Vicenza.
The villa model created by Andrea Palladio differs from that of Roman and Tuscan Medici villas in that it was not designed solely for leisure and retreat.
These monumental residences, nestled in the countryside between the Euganean and Berici Hills, were also centers of agricultural work—complete with storerooms, stables, and farm buildings.
Entrance Loggia
The portico plays an important role in the daily life of the Villa.
It is a spacious area used for agricultural work, offering shelter from the elements and allowing quick passage from one side of the building to the other.
Palladio designed it with inspiration from ancient Roman monuments. The perfect proportions of the columns and arches enhance the overall elegance of the building.
In the dovecotes at the ends of the barchesse, carrier pigeons were once kept, serving as a fast means of communication in ancient times.
The sundials that decorate them mark the passage of time.
The one on the west indicates the hour and the beginning of the seasons, while the one on the east is a zodiac calendar that shows the monthly date when the Sun enters each corresponding zodiac sign.
On this sundial, a figure-eight shaped curve, called a lemniscate, represents the equation of time—the difference between true solar time and mean solar time (the time shown by a clock).
The lemniscate allows one to read mean noon.
Historical Notes
A Treasure of the Renaissance
Villa di Maser—also known as Villa di Maser Basadonna Manin Giacomelli Volpi—is one of the most remarkable architectural works of the Venetian Renaissance.
Located in Maser, in the province of Treviso, it was commissioned from the great architect Andrea Palladio between 1554 and 1560 by the humanist Daniele Barbaro and his brother Marcantonio Barbaro, an ambassador of the Republic of Venice. The old medieval manor that once stood on this site was thus transformed into a magnificent country residence—an ideal place for study and intellectual pursuits—enriched by a cycle of frescoes by Paolo Veronese, painted in the main building between 1559 and 1561.
The estate also includes a small temple, also designed by Palladio, and since 1996 it has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage list, along with other Palladian villas in the Veneto region.
The grand residence is located halfway up a sloping terrain in the Asolo Hills, near a spring that has historically been a site of worship and possibly even an ancient temple.
An expression of the High Renaissance, Villa di Maser incorporates classical architectural elements—the orders, the harmonious proportions of the building’s components, and Roman technical and decorative details—that lend the structure balance and stability. These architectural principles, developed in Italy by innovative artists like Andrea Palladio, later spread throughout Europe, helping to define the style of Mannerism.
The Noble Owners
The land on which Villa di Maser stands originally belonged to the Pisani and Giustinian families. The exact date when construction began is uncertain: Anthony Hobson suggests the year 1560, when Palladio delivered to Daniele Barbaro the illustrations for his commentary on The Ten Books on Architecture by Vitruvius. Adalberto Dal Lago, on the other hand, proposes a timeframe between 1560 and 1570, while other scholars believe the villa was already completed by 1558.
The design of the villa was strongly influenced by the personalities of the Barbaro brothers. Daniele, Patriarch of Aquileia, a humanist and philosopher, sought to imbue the building with a sacred dimension. Marcantonio, a politician and administrator, was a connoisseur of architecture and personally designed the Nymphaeum behind the main structure—a monumental space traditionally dedicated in Hellenistic and Roman times to the worship of nymphs.
Prominent figures of the Republic of Venice, Daniele and Marcantonio Barbaro were instrumental in introducing Palladio into the Venetian cultural and intellectual scene.
The Artists
Andrea Palladio
(1508-1580)
Born in Padua, he began working at a very young age as a stonemason in Vicenza, where Giangiorgio Trissino recognized his talent and guided his intellectual development.
The two traveled frequently to Rome, where they had the opportunity to deepen their study of classical architecture.
He was able to create an architectural model in which the language of beauty and proportion—drawn from ancient models—was placed at the service of rational function. His villas, designed as efficient agricultural enterprises, were at the same time prestigious residences for the nobility and the operational centers of thriving farming activity.
He began by designing and building villas in the Vicenza area, and his career took a decisive turn when he won the commission to renovate the Basilica of Vicenza with his brilliant design.
In Venice, he created his most important religious works and, in 1570, published The Four Books of Architecture, which spread his principles and models throughout the Western world.
Alessandro Vittoria
(1525-1608)
The sculptor Alessandro Vittoria was born in Trento but moved at a very young age to Venice, where he trained in the workshop of Jacopo Sansovino.
There, he learned his craft and took part in the prestigious decoration of the Golden Staircase (Scala d’Oro) in the Doge’s Palace, and created the Caryatids at the entrance of the Marciana Library.
In close contact with the leading figures of Venice at the time—thanks to his skill as a portrait artist—he became one of the key figures in the city’s artistic scene through his work in stucco, marble, and bronze.
He decorated the Grimani Chapel at San Sebastiano and sculpted the statues for the altar of the church of San Francesco della Vigna.
He also collaborated with Palladio on the decoration of Palazzo Thiene in Vicenza and Villa Pisani in Montagnana.
At Maser, Vittoria is credited with the design and much of the execution of the stucco decoration.
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\n
La fortunata posizione a mezza costa, l’eleganza delle proporzioni, l’armonia con la natura circostante e la bellezza della decorazione, ne hanno fatto una delle più famose opere dell’architetto veneto.
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\nIl corpo centrale si proietta in avanti rispetto al piano delle arcate. Ai due lati, gli eleganti porticati o “barchesse” (logge laterali destinate alle attività agricole) si uniscono al corpo centrale. Alle estremità due colombaie decorate con meridiane che segnano il tempo.
Due splendidi leoni di pietra e sei statue raffiguranti le divinità dell’Olimpo precedono la facciata della Villa dando una sensazione di maestoso benvenuto.
Sul timpano elegantemente decorato, si trova lo stemma dei Barbaro al centro di un’allegoria che rappresenta la pace e l’armonia: gli stessi ideali che hanno ispirato la costruzione dell’edificio e che si ritrovano come tema negli affreschi.
Le due barchesse sono decorate con mascheroni nelle chiavi di volta e con altre divinità dell’Olimpo all’interno di nicchie.
Villa di Maser è diventata un Patrimonio Mondiale dell’Umanità dal 1996, anche per aver conservato nel corso dei secoli la sua struttura unitaria ed equilibrata composta dalla residenza, i reparti produttivi, i giardini e il paesaggio agricolo circostante.
\nLe ville palladiane presenti in Veneto che hanno ottenuto il riconoscimento UNESCO sono 24 e si trovano soprattutto nella provincia di Vicenza. Il modello strutturale di villa creato da Andrea Palladio si distingue da quello delle ville romane e medicee toscane per la caratteristica di essere pensato non esclusivamente per il riposo e lo svago. In queste residenze, che sono monumentali rifugi immersi nella campagna, tra i colli Euganei e Berici, si svolgevano anche attività lavorative: vi si trovano infatti magazzini, stalle e depositi agricoli.
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","htmlProps":{"htmlBasicProps":{"htmlClasses":null,"htmlId":null}},"cssProps":{"overrideCss":false,"margin":{"top":0,"bottom":0,"left":0,"right":0,"horizontal":0,"vertical":0,"enable_all_sides":false},"padding":{"top":{"size":0},"bottom":{"size":0},"left":{"size":0},"right":{"size":0},"horizontal":{"size":0},"vertical":{"size":0},"enable_all_sides":false},"background":{"color":null,"image":[],"size":"cover","size_unit":"%","repeat":"no-repeat","width_size":{"size":100},"height_size":{"size":100},"position":"center center","position_left":{"size":50},"position_top":{"size":50},"position_unit":"custom"},"color":{"color":"#000"}},"sidebar":{"title":"content_builder.text_settings","props":{"htmlProps":{"htmlBasicProps":{"htmlClasses":null,"htmlId":null}},"cssProps":{"overrideCss":false,"margin":{"top":0,"bottom":0,"left":0,"right":0,"horizontal":0,"vertical":0,"enable_all_sides":false},"padding":{"top":{"size":0},"bottom":{"size":0},"left":{"size":0},"right":{"size":0},"horizontal":{"size":0},"vertical":{"size":0},"enable_all_sides":false},"background":{"color":null,"image":[],"repeat":"no-repeat","size":"cover","size_unit":"%","position":"center center","position_unit":"custom","position_left":{"size":50},"position_top":{"size":50},"width_size":{"size":100},"height_size":{"size":100}},"color":{"color":"#000"}}}},"active":false}]}],"rowProps":{"htmlProps":{"htmlBasicProps":{"htmlClasses":"fm-container half-pb","htmlId":null}},"cssProps":{"overrideCss":false,"background":{"color":null,"image":[],"size":"cover","size_unit":"%","repeat":"no-repeat","width_size":{"size":100},"height_size":{"size":100},"position":"center center","position_left":{"size":50},"position_top":{"size":50},"position_unit":"custom"},"padding":{"top":{"size":0},"bottom":{"size":0},"left":{"size":0},"right":{"size":0},"horizontal":{"size":0},"vertical":{"size":0},"enable_all_sides":false},"margin":{"top":0,"bottom":0,"left":0,"right":0,"horizontal":0,"vertical":0,"enable_all_sides":false}}},"showRemoveDialog":false},{"id":"MDysIeCj","row":"cols-4_8","cols":2,"type":"row-block","columns":[{"rowId":"MDysIeCj","id":"A5VxxjUE","empty":false,"contents":[{"id":"N7ivBdOV","showRemoveDialog":false,"icon":"icon-image","type":"image","label":null,"content":[{"id":36,"filename":"meridiana.jpg","filename_webp":"meridiana.webp","thumb":"https://www.villadimaser.it/media/36/meridiana-thumb.jpg","thumb_webp":"https://www.villadimaser.it/media/36/meridiana-thumb.webp","url":"https://www.villadimaser.it/media/36/meridiana.jpg","url_webp":"https://www.villadimaser.it/media/36/meridiana.webp","user_id":1,"mime_type":"image/jpeg","width":280,"height":193,"size":40718,"caption":null,"alt_text":null,"description":null,"created_at":"2024-03-18T15:55:48.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-03-18T15:55:48.000000Z","icon":"jpg"}],"htmlProps":{"htmlBasicProps":{"htmlClasses":"image","htmlId":null}},"cssProps":{"overrideCss":false,"width":{"size":100},"size":"auto","size_unit":"%","margin":{"top":0,"bottom":0,"left":0,"right":0,"horizontal":0,"vertical":0,"enable_all_sides":false},"align":{"align":"left"}},"sidebar":{"title":"content_builder.image_settings","props":{"htmlProps":{"htmlBasicProps":{"htmlClasses":null,"htmlId":null}},"cssProps":{"overrideCss":false,"width":{"size":100},"size":"auto","size_unit":"%","margin":{"top":0,"bottom":0,"left":0,"right":0,"horizontal":0,"vertical":0,"enable_all_sides":false},"align":{"align":"left"}}}},"altText":"Meridiana","active":false}]},{"rowId":"MDysIeCj","id":"Di1MTbWo","empty":false,"contents":[{"id":"mjybz46p","showRemoveDialog":false,"icon":"icon-type-03","type":"text","label":null,"content":"Il portico ha una funzione importante nella vita quotidiana della Villa. E’ uno spazio di grande respiro per i lavori di campagna, protegge dalle intemperie e permettere di passare rapidamente da un lato all’altro dell’ edificio.
\nPalladio lo ha disegnato ispirandosi agli antichi monumenti dell’epoca romana. Le perfette proporzioni delle colonne e degli archi esaltano l’eleganza di tutto l’edificio.
\nNelle colombaie poste alle estremità delle barchesse stavano i piccioni viaggiatori che servivano da rapido mezzo di comunicazione in epoca antica.
","htmlProps":{"htmlBasicProps":{"htmlClasses":null,"htmlId":null}},"cssProps":{"overrideCss":false,"margin":{"top":0,"bottom":0,"left":0,"right":0,"horizontal":0,"vertical":0,"enable_all_sides":false},"padding":{"top":{"size":0},"bottom":{"size":0},"left":{"size":0},"right":{"size":0},"horizontal":{"size":0},"vertical":{"size":0},"enable_all_sides":false},"background":{"color":null,"image":[],"repeat":"no-repeat","size":"cover","size_unit":"%","position":"center center","position_unit":"custom","position_left":{"size":50},"position_top":{"size":50},"width_size":{"size":100},"height_size":{"size":100}},"color":{"color":"#000"}},"sidebar":{"title":"content_builder.text_settings","props":{"htmlProps":{"htmlBasicProps":{"htmlClasses":null,"htmlId":null}},"cssProps":{"overrideCss":false,"margin":{"top":0,"bottom":0,"left":0,"right":0,"horizontal":0,"vertical":0,"enable_all_sides":false},"padding":{"top":{"size":0},"bottom":{"size":0},"left":{"size":0},"right":{"size":0},"horizontal":{"size":0},"vertical":{"size":0},"enable_all_sides":false},"background":{"color":null,"image":[],"repeat":"no-repeat","size":"cover","size_unit":"%","position":"center center","position_unit":"custom","position_left":{"size":50},"position_top":{"size":50},"width_size":{"size":100},"height_size":{"size":100}},"color":{"color":"#000"}}}},"active":false}]}],"rowProps":{"htmlProps":{"htmlBasicProps":{"htmlClasses":"fm-container no-pt half-pb","htmlId":null}},"cssProps":{"overrideCss":false,"background":{"color":null,"image":[],"size":"cover","size_unit":"%","repeat":"no-repeat","width_size":{"size":100},"height_size":{"size":100},"position":"center center","position_left":{"size":50},"position_top":{"size":50},"position_unit":"custom"},"padding":{"enable_all_sides":false,"horizontal":{"size":null},"vertical":{"size":"20"},"left":{"size":0},"top":{"size":0},"right":{"size":0},"bottom":{"size":0}},"margin":{"top":0,"bottom":0,"left":0,"right":0,"horizontal":0,"vertical":0,"enable_all_sides":false}}},"showRemoveDialog":false},{"id":"zzOmVO6J","row":"cols-12","cols":1,"type":"row-block","columns":[{"rowId":"zzOmVO6J","id":"Zlc3e52z","empty":false,"contents":[{"id":"HE10tkst","showRemoveDialog":false,"icon":"icon-type-03","type":"text","label":null,"content":"Le meridiane che le decorano segnano il tempo. Quella ad ovest segna l’ora e l’inizio delle stagioni, quella ad est è un calendario zodiacale e indica mensilmente la data d’ingresso del Sole nel corrispondente segno dello Zodiaco.
\nSu questa meridiana, una curva a forma di otto allungato detta lemniscata rappresenta l’equazione del tempo, la differenza tra il tempo solare vero e il tempo solare medio (quello dell’orologio). La lemniscata consente di leggere il mezzogiorno medio.
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\nUn tesoro del Rinascimento
\nVilla di Maser, conosciuta anche come Villa di Maser Basadonna Manin Giacomelli Volpi, è una delle più notevoli opere architettoniche del Rinascimento veneto.
Situata a Maser, in provincia di Treviso, fu commissionata al grande architetto Andrea Palladio tra il 1554 e il 1560 dall'umanista Daniele Barbaro e da suo fratello Marcantonio Barbaro, ambasciatore della Repubblica di Venezia. Il vecchio palazzo medievale che sorgeva in quest'area venne così trasformato in una magnifica abitazione di campagna: un luogo ideale per gli studi e le occupazioni intellettuali, impreziosito da un ciclo di affreschi di Paolo Veronese che decora gli ambienti del corpo centrale, realizzato dall’artista negli anni 1559-1561.
Il complesso comprende anche un tempietto sempre progettato dal Palladio e dal 1996 fa parte della lista UNESCO dei patrimoni dell'umanità, insieme ad altre ville palladiane del Veneto. La grande residenza è situata nella parte mediana di un terreno in pendio, sui colli Asolani, vicino a una sorgente storicamente sede di un luogo di culto e forse anche di un tempio.
Espressione del Rinascimento più maturo, Villa di Maser riprende elementi architettonici classici - gli ordini, le proporzioni armoniche tra le componenti dell’edificio, nonché particolari tecnici e decorativi romani - che donano alla struttura equilibrio e stabilità. Queste idee costruttive elaborate in Italia, da molti artisti sperimentatori come Andrea Palladio, si diffusero poi in tutta Europa, definendo i caratteri del Manierismo.
I nobili proprietari
\nIl terreno dove sorge Villa di Maser era originariamente proprietà delle famiglie Pisani e Giustinian. La data precisa dell’inizio dei lavori di costruzione è incerta: Anthony Hobson indica l’anno 1560, quando il Palladio consegnò a Daniele Barbaro le illustrazioni da allegare al suo commentario dei Dieci libri dell’Architettura scritti di Vitruvio; Adalberto dal Lago invece suggerisce l’intervallo di tempo tra il 1560 e il 1570; altri studiosi ritengono che l’opera fosse già stata completata nel 1558.
\nIl progetto della villa fu molto condizionato dalle personalità dei due fratelli Barbaro. Il patriarca di Aquileia Daniele, umanista e studioso di filosofia, cercò di conferire alla costruzione un senso sacrale. Il politico e amministratore Marcantonio, invece, da intenditore di architettura, disegnò il Ninfeo retrostante l’edificio, un luogo monumentale tradizionalmente dedicato in epoca ellenistica e romana al culto delle ninfe.
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Eminenti personaggi della Repubblica di Venezia, Daniele e Marcantonio Barbaro furono i principali promotori dell’inserimento di Palladio nell’ambiente veneziano.
Gli artisti
","htmlProps":{"htmlBasicProps":{"htmlClasses":null,"htmlId":null}},"cssProps":{"overrideCss":false,"margin":{"top":0,"bottom":0,"left":0,"right":0,"horizontal":0,"vertical":0,"enable_all_sides":false},"padding":{"top":{"size":0},"bottom":{"size":0},"left":{"size":0},"right":{"size":0},"horizontal":{"size":0},"vertical":{"size":0},"enable_all_sides":false},"background":{"color":null,"image":[],"size":"cover","size_unit":"%","repeat":"no-repeat","width_size":{"size":100},"height_size":{"size":100},"position":"center center","position_left":{"size":50},"position_top":{"size":50},"position_unit":"custom"},"color":{"color":"#000"}},"sidebar":{"title":"content_builder.text_settings","props":{"htmlProps":{"htmlBasicProps":{"htmlClasses":null,"htmlId":null}},"cssProps":{"overrideCss":false,"margin":{"top":0,"bottom":0,"left":0,"right":0,"horizontal":0,"vertical":0,"enable_all_sides":false},"padding":{"top":{"size":0},"bottom":{"size":0},"left":{"size":0},"right":{"size":0},"horizontal":{"size":0},"vertical":{"size":0},"enable_all_sides":false},"background":{"color":null,"image":[],"repeat":"no-repeat","size":"cover","size_unit":"%","position":"center center","position_unit":"custom","position_left":{"size":50},"position_top":{"size":50},"width_size":{"size":100},"height_size":{"size":100}},"color":{"color":"#000"}}}},"active":false},{"id":"HBErLBRc","showRemoveDialog":false,"icon":"icon-type-03","type":"text","label":null,"content":"Andrea Palladio
(1508-1580)
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Seppe creare un modello di architettura dove il linguaggio della bellezza e della proporzione, sviluppato su modelli antichi, veniva messo al servizio della funzione razionale. Ecco che le sue ville, organizzate come efficienti aziende agricole, erano allo stesso tempo dimore di prestigio per i nobili del tempo e centro stesso delle ferventi attività agricole.
Iniziò progettando e costruendo ville nel vicentino, finché vinse con il suo geniale progetto l’incarico della ristrutturazione della Basilica di Vicenza. A Venezia costruì le sue più importanti opere religiose e diede alle stampe nel 1570 i “Quattro libri dell’Architettura” che diffusero i suoi principi e i suoi modelli in tutto il mondo occidentale.
Alessandro Vittoria
(1525-1608)
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In contatto con i più importanti personaggi della Venezia del tempo, grazie alla sua abilità come ritrattista, fu uno dei protagonisti dell’attività artistica della città con i suoi stucchi e le sue opere in marmo e bronzo.
Decorò la Cappella Grimani a San Sebastiano e scolpì le statue per l’altare della chiesa di San Francesco della Vigna. Collaborò con Palladio nella decorazione di Palazzo Thiene a Vicenza e di Villa Pisani a Montagnana.
A Maser è attribuita al Vittoria la concezione della decorazione a stucco e gran parte della sua realizzazione.